原文: http://bearwithprim.pixnet.net/blog/post/312118271-%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%AD%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%3Awhich-that-what%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E
which 指人以外之生命，無生命者都可以用which
例句:
1. He likes the house which has many windows.
2. Where is the letter which I received yesterday?
3. I like the house which he lives in.
that 用法
- 先行詞是人或動物
- Who,which 開頭疑問句，為避免重複，用that
-Who is the man that has white hair?
-Which is the book that you borrowed from the library?
- It is…that 的強調用法
It is Columbus that discovered America in 1492.
- that前不可有介詞或逗點 (所以有介詞或逗點時要選who,which)
I will lend you the book, which is interesting.
I have two brothers, who live in Taipei.
想一想上面的規則，考考你:
-This is the house (in that/ in which) he lives. 選哪一個?
-I will lend you this book (, which/, that) is useful. 選哪一個?
正解:
- in which that前不可有介詞
-, which that前不可有介詞或逗點
- that的瑣事: (這裡解釋了為什麼有時候必選that不可。)
-先行詞中有序數
Henry Ford was the first man that built cars.
-先行詞中有最高級
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
-先行詞中有the 家族 (the only 唯一；the very正式那個；the same同一個)
Man is the only animal that can speak.
This is the very book that I like very much.
-先行詞中有任何/全部/無一 (任何any/全部all/無一no)
Anyone that listens to him is a fool.
what 用法
what = 先行詞+關係代名詞
what = the thing which
= that which
= all that
請把以下” 先行詞+關係代名詞” 改成what
因為使用what句子變簡短有力了。
This is the thing which I need. = ? This is what I need.
Do you understand all that I said? = ? Do you understand what I said?
He saves all that he earned. = ? He saves what he earned.
The thing which he said is true. = ? What he said is true.
注意:
- 因為what本身已經有先行詞和關係代名詞的意義了，所以如果出現what，前面就不應該再出現先行詞，例如: that, the thing,…
- what 本身就可以當作主詞、受詞或補語，(和which, that不同，which, that 只能當關係代名詞使用)
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